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Abstract@#Deviant behaviors among adolescents is widespread and have substantial impacts on family and society. Increasing evidence has shown that adolescents who experienced traumatic stress events and suffered from post traumatic stress disorder are at significantly higher risk of deviant behaviors than their healthy peers and have their personal lives negatively affected. In this review, the effect of PTSD on deviant behaviors in adolescents is summarized, in which adolescent deviant behaviors are mainly classified into extroverted, introverted, and academic deviant behavior, as well as deviant habits. Meanwhile, aims to explore the neural mechanism linking PTSD and adolescent deviant behaviors, and to provide suggestions for intervention of deviant behaviors.
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Objective:To investigate the intervening effect of velvet antler peptide （VAP） on rotenone-induced neuroblastoma （SH-SY5Y） cell damage and explore its related mechanism. Method:0.5 μmol·L-1 rotenone was used to SH-SY5Y cells to establish an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease （PD）. A blank control group， a model group， high， medium and low dose VAP groups （150，100，50 mg·L-1， respectively） and a rapamycin group were established. The number of lewy bodies， changes in mitochondrial membrane potential， content of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and α-synuclein （α-syn）， protein kinase B （Akt）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， rhodamine 123 staining， DCFH-DA staining and immunohistochemical staining expression respectively. Result:The results of HE staining showed that as compared with the blank group， the number of cells in model group was reduced， the tentacle structure became dull， the shape became round， and eosinophilic Lewy bodies were visible in cytoplasm. As compared with model group， there was no significant difference in cell morphology from rapamycin group and VAP high， medium and low dose groups， but there were fewer Lewy bodies in cytoplasm in these four groups. Rhodamine 123 staining showed that as compared with blank group， the mitochondrial membrane potential was increased significantly in model group （P<0.05）. As compared with the model group， the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased in rapamycin group and VAP high， medium and low dose groups （P<0.05）. DCFH-DA staining results showed that as compared with blank group， the content of ROS was increased significantly in cells of model group （P<0.05）. As compared with model group， the content of ROS was decreased in rapamycin group and VAP high， medium and low dose groups （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical staining showed that as compared with blank group， the protein expression levels of α-syn，Akt，and mTOR were increased significantly in model group （P<0.05）. As compared with model group， the protein expression levels of α-syn and mTOR were significantly reduced in rapamycin group and VAP high and medium dose groups （P<0.05）， and the expression levels of Akt were significantly reduced in rapamycin group and VAP high-dose group （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Velvet antler peptides may play a neuroprotective role by regulating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promoting the degradation of α-syn in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) measurement of cortical bone thickness and implantation angle in the maxillary posterior region was used to provide reference for the safety of Micro-Implanted-Anchorage (MIA) implantation in skeletal class II malocclusion. Twenty samples of CBCT images were collected from orthodontics patients (ages, 12-40 years) in Shanxi Medical University Stomatological Hospital, the thickness of cortical bone was measured at 45°, 60° and 90° from the alveolar crest, being at 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm, respectively. SPSS17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data, and the one-way ANOVA and LSD method were compared. There was a significant difference in the thickness of the cortical bone obtained by implanting MIA at the same height of different angle (P≤0.05). The greater the inclination angle of the implanted MIA, the thicker the cortical bone. Also, the higher the implant site, the thicker the cortical bone thickness. Finally, the greater the thickness of the cortical bone in the maxillary posterior region of skeletal class II malocclusion, the greater the thickness of the cortical bone. At the same implantation height, implanted MIA with a tilt angle of 45º to 60º, 90º to obtain the best cortical bone thickness.
La medición del grosor del hueso cortical y del ángulo de implantación en la región posterior del maxilar por tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) se utilizó para proporcionar una referencia para la implantación y el anclaje seguros de un Micro-Implante de Anclaje (MIA) en la maloclusión de clase esquelética tipo II. Veinte muestras de imágenes de TCHC fueron obtenidas de pacientes de ortodoncia (12-40 años) en el Hospital Estomatológico de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi. Se midió el grosor del hueso cortical a 45°, 60° y 90° de la cresta alveolar, encontrándose a 4 mm, 6 mm y 8 mm, respectivamente. Se utilizó el software estadístico SPSS 17.0 para analizar los datos, y se compararon con los métodos ANOVA y LSD de un factor. Hubo una diferencia significativa en el grosor del hueso cortical obtenido al implantar el MIA a la misma altura en diferentes ángulos (P <0,05). Cuanto mayor es el ángulo de inclinación del MIA implantado, más grueso es el hueso cortical. También, cuanto más alto es el sitio del implante, más grueso es el grosor del hueso cortical. Finalmente, cuanto mayor sea el grosor del hueso cortical en la región posterior del maxilar, en la maloclusión de clase esquelética tipo II, mayor será el grosor del hueso cortical.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures , Cortical Bone/anatomy & histology , Cortical Bone/diagnostic imaging , Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Cone-Beam Computed TomographyABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to investigate the morphological changes of skeletal class III malocclusion in mixed dentition with light force protraction combined activities. Randomly selected 30 cases of orthodontics in Shanxi Medical University orthodontics patients (ages: 6-10 years) of the lateral cephalograms. Using the oral maxillary casting type of pre-traction device, according to the condition of maxillary dentition to select the corresponding activities of the movable expansion appliance, each side of the force of about 150-200 g, requiring patients to wear 10-12 hours a day, the appliance should be removed after reaching normal occlusion. The correlation cephalometric profile of the cranial lateral radiographs before and after orthodontic treatment was measured. All patients with skeletal class III malocclusion were improved, concave type became direct type, measurements SNA, ANB, A-Ptm, MP-SN, ANS-Me/N-Me increased, maxillary advancement and reconstruction are more obvious; mandible rotates clockwise; the increase of lip inclination of anterior teeth compensatory changes, lower anterior tooth inclination changes smaller; upper lip forward, nasolabial angle decreased, improved appearance significantly. Light force protraction combined activities can make the mixed dentition of skeletal class III malocclusion in patients with significant improvement in profile appearance.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los cambios morfológicos de la maloclusión clase esquelética III, en la dentición mixta, con actividades combinadas de protracción de la fuerza ligera. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 30 casos de ortodoncia en pacientes de ortodoncia de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi (edades: 6-10 años) a partir de cefalogramas laterales, utilizando el tipo de dispositivo de pretracción de vaciado maxilar oral, de acuerdo con la condición de la dentición maxilar para seleccionar las actividades correspondientes del dispositivo de expansión móvil, cada lado con fuerza de alrededor de 150-200 g, requiriendo que los pacientes los utilizaran de 10 a 12 horas al día. El dispositivo debía ser retirado después de alcanzar la oclusión normal. Se midió el perfil cefalométrico de correlación de las radiografías laterales craneales, antes y después del tratamiento ortodóncico. Se observó mejoramiento en todos los pacientes con maloclusión de clase esquelética. Las mediciones SNA, ANB, APtm, MP-SN, ANS-Me / N-Me aumentaron, el avance y la reconstrucción maxilar fueron los cambios más significativos; la mandíbula giró en el sentido de las agujas del reloj, se observó un aumento de la inclinación labial de los dientes anteriores. Fue reducida la inclinación anterior del diente inferior, el ángulo nasolabial disminuyó y en general mejoró significativamente la apariencia. Las actividades combinadas de protrusión de la fuerza radiante pueden llevar a una mejora signficativa en el perfil de pacientes con dentición mixta de maloclusión clase III.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Palatal Expansion Technique , Dentition, Mixed , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/pathology , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/therapy , Cephalometry , Extraoral Traction AppliancesABSTRACT
Objective:To study confirm whether curcumin could inhibit the proliferation of CD44+colon cancer cells. In this study. Methods: MTT method was used to test the proliferation inhibition effects of curcumin against colon cancer cells. And Real-time PCR and Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to determine CD44 expression level in colon cancer cells after treated with curcumin. Then we used Magnetic-activated cell sorting ( MACS) method to separate CD44 positive and negative cells. And we compared the proliferation inhibition effects of curcumin against these two kinds of cells. Results: Curcumin could inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines. The expression level of CD44 could also be down-regulated after the colon cancer cells were treated with curcumin. Conclusion: Curcumin could inhibit the proliferation of CD44+colon cancer cells. Thus it was suggested that crcumin might have the effect to inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer stem cells and might be used as a promising agents to prevent the relapse and metastasis of colon cancer.
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@# 对急性髓细胞性白血病（acute myeloid leukemia，AML）的治疗，在过去的40年除了传统的化疗和异基因造血干细胞 移植外尚未有很大的进展。而近些年来，随着分子生物学、免疫学等学科的不断发展，免疫检查点抑制剂、过继性免疫效应细胞 治疗、肿瘤疫苗等免疫疗法在治疗AML上初现锋芒。程序性死亡受体（programmed death-1, PD-1）和程序性死亡配体（programmed death-1 ligands, PD-L1）抑制剂是一种免疫检查点抑制剂，是目前最受瞩目的研究热点之一，其在治疗AML方面也取得 了一些令人鼓舞的进展。本文综述了PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗AML的机制，其单药应用以及与其他化疗药物或免疫疗法联合应 用的研究进展，并分析了这些治疗方法存在的问题。
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The present circuit was designed to apply to human tissue impedance tuning and matching device in ultra-short wave treatment equipment. In order to judge if the optimum status of circuit parameter between energy emitter circuit and accepter circuit is in well syntony, we designed a high frequency envelope detect circuit to coordinate with automatic adjust device of accepter circuit, which would achieve the function of human tissue impedance matching and tuning. Using the sampling coil to receive the signal of amplitude-modulated wave, we compared the voltage signal of envelope detect circuit with electric current of energy emitter circuit. The result of experimental study was that the signal, which was transformed by the envelope detect circuit, was stable and could be recognized by low speed Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and was proportional to the electric current signal of energy emitter circuit. It could be concluded that the voltage, transformed by envelope detect circuit can mirror the real circuit state of syntony and realize the function of human tissue impedance collecting.
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Humans , Diathermy , Electric Impedance , Radio Waves , Signal Processing, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
Objective To elaborate the role of hepatic inherent macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages in acute liver injury.Methods A model of acute liver injury in mice was induced via intraperitoneally injection of CCl 4 .Af-ter CCl4 injection, analysis of the expression of CD45, F4/80, Ly6C and CD11b on the hepatic macrophage surface was performed by flow cytometry at 24, 48 and 72 h before the hepatic inherent macrophages (CD45+F4/80hi) and monocyte-de-rived macrophages ( CD45+F4/80 lo ) were sorted at the same time .The relative expression of cytokines in the two popula-tions of macrophages was detected by qRT-PCR.Results Compared with control , the number of total F4/80 +cells in the liver was markedly increased after CCl 4 injection, especially at 72 h.The number of CD45+F4/80lo cells increased signifi-cantly after CCl4 injection 24 h.The mRNA levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, TGF-β1, matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-12 and MMP-13 were elevated significantly both in F 4/80 hi and F4/80 lo macrophages .IL-12βand IL-6 mRNA levels increased significantly only in F4/80hi macrophages, while the level of MMP-9 mRNA increased markedly only in F4/80lo macropha-ges.When compared with F4/80lo macrophages, MCP-1 and MMP-12 mRNA levels were elevated significantly , while the level of TNF-αmRNA decreased significantly in F4/80hi macrophages.Conclusion In acute liver injury, hepatic inherent macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages both express inflammatory cytokines , promoting inflammation response and leading to liver damage .The ability to recruit inflammatory monocytes into the liver is much stronger ,the expression of in-flammatory cytokines ( IL-12βand IL-6 ) and MMP-12 is higher , but the expression of inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-α) MMP-9 is lower in hepatic inherent macrophages than in monocyte-derived macrophages .
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Lipidomics, a newly emerged branch of metabolomics, is aimed to systemically study the characters of lipid molecular species in organisms and their roles in regulating protein and gene expression. Lipids play diverse biological roles in organisms, including energy storage, signal transduction and apoptosis. Owning to the rapid progression of novel analytical technique, especially the application of mass spectrometry, lipid examination can be done rapidly and accurately in a high throughput manner. Many studies have demonstrated that abnormal metabolism of lipids is closely related to the development and progression of tumors. Application of lipidomics technique can reveal the changes of tumor-associated lipid and identify the abnormal metabolic pathways. Also, lipidomics has a promising future in recognition of lipid-based tumor markers, early diagnosis of tumors and the discovery of antineoplastic drug targets. In this article, we reviewed the recent progress in the above-mentioned areas.
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Objective To establish the finite element model of L1～L5 lumbar motion segments with contact theory by self-compiled software and HyperMesh. Method Based on the spine CT continuous images of L1～L5 segments from the healthy volunteer, the three dimensional finite elements model of L1～L5 vertebrae structure was constructed applying self compiled software and HyperMesh, and added with simulating the endplates, joint cartilage intervertebral disc as well as ligament structure. The contact theory was adopted to solve the process between the high and low articular surface surface contacting. ResultsThe three dimensional finite element model with more structure integrity and good geometric similarity was obtained. The simulating results of the physical loading are matched better with the results of the vitro experiment of biomechanics. Conclusions Self compiled software and HyperMesh improved the speed and accuracy for building finite element model of lumbar motion segment, while the introduction of contact theory could enhance its reliability and authenticity.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dentine hypersensitivity of young people in Chengdu city.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The dentine hypersensitivity of 741 cases aged 18-35 living in Chengdu city were surveyed with questionnaire and oral examination by random collection during June to July in 2008. The relative risk factors to dentine hypersensitivity were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>128 cases (17.27%) were diagnosed as dentine hypersensitivity. The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity was higher among female than male (P<0.01). Cold was the most common stimulus for dentine hypersensitivity (62.80%). The most common affected tooth was the right maxillary first premolar (15.51%). Acid regurgitation, carbonated beverage, hard toothbrush type and heavy toothbrushing force were risk factors to dentine hypersensitivity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity of Chengdu city's young people is widespread. Acid and incorrect toothbrushing methods can cause dentine hypersensitivity. The correct protective measure to dentine hypersensitivity should be publicized.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bicuspid , Dentin Sensitivity , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , ToothbrushingABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of an oral health education programme for Chinese middle school student in the rural area to improve oral health knowledge.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The students of two middle schools in the rural area of Deyang city, Sichuan province, were randomly choosed and divided into experiment group and control group, each group 200 students. The students of experiment group were taken oral health education based on school and brushed the teeth with fluoride toothpaste under the supervision of parents. No intervention study was given to the students of control group. Before the experiment and after 1 year, the caries and oral hygiene status were examined, and the oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior were investigated by questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant changes of DMFT and DMFS of experiment group after 1 year (P > 0.05), while the DMFT and DMFS of control group increased obviously (P < 0.05). The oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) of experiment group decreased (P < 0.05), while that of control group increased (P < 0.05). The knowledge and the attitude towards "using fluoride toothpaste was a good way for preventing tooth decay" and "eating and drinking sweet things can cause tooth decay", and the behavior of "brush the teeth 2 or more times a day", "use the toothpaste containing fluoride", "visit to dentist at least once a year" in experimental group were improved compared with control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oral health education based on school combined the use of affordable fluoride toothpaste can improve the oral health of middle school student in the rural area.</p>
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Humans , DMF Index , Dental Caries , Fluorides , Health Education, Dental , Oral Health , Oral Hygiene , Students , ToothpastesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this survey was to obtain some information about the prevalence of deciduous tooth caries of 5-year-old children in Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on World Health Organization and national oral health survey standards, dental caries prevalence and treatment needs were investigated randomly in selected children of Sichuan province in 2005. And the differences between this survey result and the dental caries prevalence of 5-year-old children of Sichuan province in 1995 were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence rate of deciduous tooth caries of 5-year-old children in Sichuan province was 58.72%. The mean number of dmft of 5-year-old was 2.77. The filling rate was only 2.32%. The prevalence rate and mean dmft of deciduous tooth caries showed no significant difference between different area and gender; but the children came from city showed significant higher filling rate than those from countryside, so did the female children compared with the male children. Compared these results with the dental caries of 5-year-old children in Sichuan province in 1995, the prevalence rate and mean dmft of deciduous tooth caries in Sichuan province in 2005 had no significant difference, but the filling rate decreased significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The deciduous tooth caries prevalence rate of 5-year-old children is still relatively high in Sichuan province; there remains a proportion of active untreated decays. The dental health care education to the parents and teachers should be emphasized. In order to get the earlier diagnosis and treatment, regular examination and prevention method should be conducted.</p>
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , DMF Index , Dental Caries , Prevalence , Tooth, DeciduousABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effectiveness of two oral health education program among middle-school students on improving oral health status.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three middle schools randomly chosen from the urban district of Deyang city were divided into three groups: teacher-based group (Group T), parents-based group (Group P), and the control group (Group C). Oral health education sessions were conducted for teachers (Group T) and parents (Group P) of these children. Students obtained oral health knowledge through their teachers (Group T) or their parents (Group P), brushed their teeth twice daily. No oral health education session was carried out in the control group. The effectiveness of oral health status in three groups were compared after 3 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The debris index (DI), calculus index (CI) and gingival index (GI) of group T obviously decreased after 3 months (P < 0.05). The decreasing of DI and CI of group P were not significant, and the GI of group P obviously increased after 3 months (P < 0.05). Compared with group P and group C, DI, CI, and GI of group T were statistically lower (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with parents-based oral health education, teacher-based oral health education has a better effect on improvement of the oral health status among middle-school students.</p>
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Child , Humans , Health Education, Dental , Parents , Periodontal Index , StudentsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the distribution of DIAGNOdent value according to varying clinical caries severity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 541 deciduous molar teeth in children aged from 5 to 6 were examined using DIAGNOdent by one trained dentist. The most severity site in every tooth was recorded. The same sites were examined visually by another dentist. The distribution regular of DIAGNOdent value was analyzed according to the clinical severity score by Ekstrand index.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The higher the visual score, the higher the mean DIAGNOdent value. The variation of values in each visual category was larger than that of values recommended by manufacturers. When clinical severity score was 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, the median of DIAGNOdent value was 0, 5, 19, 49 and 99 respectively. The mean value for sound surfaces was lower in primary teeth than the cut-off points recommended by manufacturers, but the value of DIAGNOdent was increased obviously when the transparency change of enamel was detected visually.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DIAGNOdent is useful in detecting occlusal caries in deciduous teeth, but the cut-off levels is not coinciding perfectly with manufacturer suggesting.</p>
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Child , Humans , Dental Caries , Dental Enamel , Fluorescence , Lasers , Molar , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tooth, DeciduousABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the oral health knowledge, attitudes and behavior of urban, rural and suburban adults in Deyang, PR China, and analyze the influence of several variables on the utilization of dental services.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1010 adults with 35-44 years old from urban, rural and suburban areas were interviewed by Questionnaire for Adults, WHO Integrated Package for Basic Oral Care.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>More than half of the surveyed adults claimed "having pain of mouth during the last 1 year". More urban adults (61.3%) used fluoridate toothpaste than suburban and rural adults (6.9%, 16.8%). 61.0% and 71.5% of rural and suburban adults had never seen a dentist, compared with 32.0% of urban adults. Logistic regression analysis showed that urban adults having pain in mouth during the last year were more likely to visit a dentist in the last 2 years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Although the oral health attitude is good among the people in Deyang, the knowledge is poor. Dental service utilization was not enough and the situation was also worse for rural adults.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Male , Attitude to Health , China , Dental Care , Health Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Oral Health , Rural Population , Surveys and Questionnaires , ToothpastesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the preventive effects of fluoride drop on dental caries for children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The comparative method was carried out in 1 200 children aged from 3 to 4. The subjects were divided into three groups: fluoride drop group, fluoride toothpaste group and control group. The research period was 2 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results demonstrated that new dfs was 1.35 +/- 0.57 in the fluoride drop group after one year, 1.85 +/- 0.57 after two years. The new dfs was 1.53 +/- 1.09 in the fluoride toothpaste group after one year and 2.75 +/- 1.33 after two years. There was no significant difference of the dfs reduction between fluoride drop and toothpaste group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fluoride drop is effective in the prevention of dental caries in Chinese kindergarten and primary school children.</p>
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Child , Female , Humans , Male , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Cariostatic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , DMF Index , Dental Caries , Fluorides , Therapeutic Uses , Tooth, Deciduous , ToothpastesABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To study the antitumor peptide components in the stems and leaves of mistletoe (Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai), the primary structure of the novel peptide was elucidated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cation exchange, gel filtration and HPLC were employed for isolation and purification. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry was used to determine the mass. The complete amino acid sequence of the novel peptide was obtained by Edman degradation combined with enzyme digestion. The antitumor activity of the peptide in vitro was studied with MTT method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The primary stucture of the peptide named as viscotoxin B2 is KSCCKNTTGRNIYNTCRFAGGSRERCAKLSGCKIISASTCPSDYPK. The IC50 value of viscotoxin B2 on the Rat Osteoblast-like Sarcoma 17/2.8 cells in vitro is 1.6 mg x L(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Viscotoxin B2 in V. coloratum, which has high similarity with viscotoxins from V. album, showed antitumor activity.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Amino Acid Sequence , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Bone Neoplasms , Pathology , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Weight , Osteosarcoma , Pathology , Peptides , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Proteins , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Viscum , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the long effect of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations in a school environment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five middle-level dentists placed 294 ART restorations in the permanent teeth of 197 children. Standard instruments and procedures for ART were used. The restorative material used was a high-strength glass-ionomer. The restorations were evaluated annually by the same examiner who was not involved in the placement of the restorations. Occlusal wear of the restoration was assessed using a standard rheinberger scale. At the 5th year examination an independent external examiner evaluated the restorations using USPHS criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cumulative survival rates of small class I restorations in the sixth year it was 75%. The corresponding figures for large class I restorations were 61% (P < 0.05). The net wear rate for both the small and large class I restorations in the first year was about 48 microm, which was significantly higher than those of the later years, which were about 20 - 25 micro m (P < 0.05). In the fifth year 93% of the small restorations were assessed as being satisfactory for marginal integrity, as against 80% for the large ones by using USPHS criteria.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The ART approach for treating tooth decay in school children was appropriate, effective and acceptable. The 6-year survival rates of the restorations are high but are related to the size and type of the restoration.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Glass Ionomer Cements , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of oral malodor in a group of health cohorts in Chengdu, China by using different diagnostic methods.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) level was evaluated by using Halimeter. The organoleptic score and tongue coating index were also evaluated. A questionnaire interview was conducted at the same time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 21.61% subjects whose oral VSCs level were more than 300 ppb. No significant difference was found between male and female for the VSCs values. The subjects with malodor (score > or = 6) evaluated by organoleptic score were 28.91%, and the difference between the male and female was significant (P < 0.05). Further, a significant correlation could be detected between the VSCs level, organoleptic score and tongue coating index (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The study indicates that nearly one of fourth people suffer from oral malodor. Malodor has significant correlation with tongue coating, so cleaning of tongue dorsum is very important to reduce oral malodor.</p>